Balinese Hybridities: Balinese Music as Global Phenomena (2024)

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Nota Bene: Canadian Undergraduate Journal of Musicology

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As the subject of numerous studies over the last century, Balinese music has been presented in a particular light. In the 21st Century, it has been a priority for Western musicologists to renew our outdated or inaccurate conceptions. This paper joins that discourse by presenting an intercultural project as an opportunity to bring the perspective of Balinese musicians under consideration. Recently, I undertook a recording project in Bali, working on my composition “Waringin,” written for Gamelan Salukat. Gamelan Salukat is a 20-30-person bronze ensemble with a radical tuning system, comprised of young musicians (~18-30 yrs.) from around the Ubud region of Central Bali. The project became a crossroads of musicianship, uncovering many intriguing tensions—notation versus oral learning, counting rhythms versus feeling or embodying rhythms, and composition versus improvisation. The following ethnographic account explores how the young Balinese musicians tackled the problems we faced...

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SEAMEX (Southeast Asia Music Education Exchange) is said to be the 1st dedicated marketplace for music education in Southeast Asia. The 3rd SEAMEX 2019: “Music, Sphere, and Interconnected Generation” was held at Jogja National Museum in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, from 6-8 September, 2019. As a group, Gamelan Shanghai, organized by Gisa Jähnichen from Shanghai Conservatory of Music, was very honored to be invited to participate in this big event. 10 members of the group are from different countries and have different majors such as composition, instrumental performance, music education, and ethnomusicology. But this time, they were all gamelan performers. Some of them studied gamelan over 2 years. This paper will present their unique thoughts and feelings during the event SEAMEX.

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The Method of Learning and Teaching in Balinese Gamelan Rehearsal

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“True musical experience is the experience of trust”—trust between the student and teacher. Whatever teaching method a teacher applies, it will not work without any trust. “It is only when we learn to trust one another, to dissolve in the realization of our shared humanity, will the music finally play.” This is an autoethnography. It exhibits the long process of musicianship in a traditional Balinese community. Also, I explore how, as a modern Balinese musician, my musicianship fit in with the new musical setting of a Western community. The paper is divided into three parts: the first part is an exploration of the traditional learning process and Balinese musical pedagogy called meguru panggul. The second is an exploration of my experience in continuing my studies at ISI Denpasar (the Balinese Arts Institute)— how the teacher conducts the learning process in a formal setting, and my own discovery in learning with ear (meguru kuping). And lastly, the third explores the development of my perception and conception of a new learning and teaching style, when I was exposed to the Western way of teaching and learning music at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

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Composing Asia in New Zealand: Gamelan and creativity

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Henry Johnson

This paper is divided into two interrelated parts: ‘Music from Gamelan’ and ‘Music for Gamelan’. These parts are intended to reflect a continuum that places at one end composers writing music that has been influenced by the sounds of gamelan in one way or another, and at the other end composers writing specifically for the instruments. The first part provides a brief outline of some of the influences of gamelan on New Zealand in terms of how and why this Indonesian rooted music has inspired the musical soundscape of some representative New Zealand composers, sometimes working outside the medium of a gamelan ensemble, but necessarily being influenced by the music in their own creative output. The second part has the aim of discussing how and why music has been composed primarily for gamelan in the New Zealand context. Issues of authenticity are raised in the context of music written by New Zealand-based Indonesian composers vis-à-vis music written by non-Indonesian New Zealanders. Do the New Zealand-based composers who have been inspired by gamelan attempt to understand the music, instruments, and performance practice from an Indonesian perspective? Or is there merely a superficial knowledge and adaptation of gamelan in the non-Indonesian New Zealand context? While definitive answers to such questions are beyond the scope of this discussion, an exploration of relevant composers and their musical works helps in providing a discourse that problematises and foregrounds some of the issues that underpin the recent phenomenon of gamelan recontextualisations and inspirations. Both parts of this article consist of a series of case studies that have been researched using a mixture of methods, including ethnographic research, interviews, and a critical literary approach drawing on cultural studies.

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Balinese Hybridities: Balinese Music as Global Phenomena (2024)

FAQs

How would you describe the music of Balinese? ›

Balinese gamelan, a form of Indonesian classical music, is louder, swifter and more aggressive than Sundanese and Javanese music. Balinese gamelan also features more archaic instrumentation than modern Sundanese and Javanese gamelans. Balinese instruments include bronze and bamboo xylophones.

Which musical characteristic creates a shimmering quality in Balinese gong kebyar achieved through paired tuning? ›

Balinese gong kebyar gangsas, as with other metallophones in gong kebyar ensembles, are played in neighboring pairs with interlocking, rapid-tempo parts that elaborate on the melody of a piece of music (see Kotekan); these pairs are tuned to be dissonant and create certain wavelengths of sympathetic vibrations to ...

What is the explanation of Balinese gamelan? ›

Gamelan can be defined as the action of a hammer (gamel) and usually refers to an orchestra of tuned percussion instruments including gong-chimes (which look like upturned bronze pots), metallophones (xylophones with metal, rather than wooden, keys) and deeply resonant gongs.

What are the similarities and differences between Javanese and Balinese gamelan music cultures based on the following features? ›

To summarize, while both Central Javanese court gamelan and Balinese gamelan gong kebyar share some similarities in terms of instrumentation, ensemble structure, and traditional function, they differ in musical style, melodic structure, and repertoire.

What are 3 words to describe Bali? ›

The word "paradise" is used a lot when describing Bali. Friendly, hospitable people; a magnificently visual and spiritual culture; and spectacular beaches with great surfing and diving have made Bali the top tourist attraction in Indonesia.

What is Balinese known for? ›

It is perhaps most known for its dance, drama, and sculpture. The island is also known for its Wayang Kulit or Shadow play theatre. Even in rural and neglected villages, beautiful temples are a common sight; and so are skilful gamelan players and talented actors.

What is a main characteristic of Balinese gamelan Gong Kebyar? ›

Gong kebyar music is based on a five-tone scale called pelog selisir (tones 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 of the 7-tone pelog scale), and is characterized by brilliant sounds, syncopations, sudden and gradual changes in sound colour, dynamics, tempo and articulation, and complex, complementary interlocking melodic and rhythmic ...

What is the most popular style of Balinese gamelan music quizlet? ›

The Gamelan Gong Kebyar is the most popular Gamelan in Bali & the instruments are deliberately detuned from one another to produce a jarring effect that gives a sparkle to the sound that one can hear especially as the sound decays.

What is the shimmering sound of Balinese gamelan music is created by tuning two similar instruments at slightly different frequencies to? ›

The shimmering sound of Balinese gamelan music is created by tuning two similar instruments at slightly different frequencies to produce: beating tones. The two interlocking parts of the kotekan in Balinese gamelan music are called: polos and sangsih.

What are the elements of Balinese gamelan? ›

A gamelan is a multi-timbre ensemble consisting of metallophones, xylophones, flutes, gongs, voices, as well as bowed and plucked strings.

What is the most popular style of Balinese gamelan music? ›

STSI Denpasar. This is an excellent recording of the exciting, modern dynamic style of Balinese gamelan called gong kebyar (kebyar means 'to flare up') that quickly established itself as the most popular and dominant style.

How would you describe gamelan music? ›

Gamelan, the term for a traditional musical ensemble in Indonesia, typically refers to a percussion orchestra composed predominantly of tuned gongs of various types and metal-keyed instruments. The ensemble is conducted by a drummer, and often includes voice, bamboo flute, xylophone, and stringed instruments.

What are the characteristics of Javanese gamelan and Balinese Gamelan? ›

Javanese gamelan consists of mystical, introspective works that include soft gentle sounds, improvisation and an instrument known as the bonang, while Balinese gamelan is more virtuosic and rhythmic with frequent syncopations. Both gamelan play on metallic mallet instruments and include gongs in the ensemble.

What does Balinese Gamelan gong kebyar owes its shimmering quality to? ›

One of the most striking features of the sound of a gamelan gong kebyar is its shimmering quality. This owes much to the unique paired tuning of sets of Balinese gamelan instruments.

What are the two main tone systems of gamelan music? ›

A gamelan may be tuned to the scale of slendro (in which the octave is divided into five tones roughly equidistant) or to pelog (a scale consisting of seven notes of varying intervals of which five are given principal stress).

What does the music of Bali emphasize? ›

Balinese Gamelan

Its shimmering and beautiful sound comes from the unique tuning: Balinese instruments are tuned in pairs, slightly apart from each other. This creates a dissonance between instruments that results in a sound that vibrates like a wave. Balinese music is full of energy and excitement.

How would you describe Bali? ›

Known as the Island of the Gods, Bali is an island paradise that has much to offer its visitors. Lush rice fields, ancient temples, magical sunsets, traditional villages, idyllic beaches and the best hotels in the world are some of the island's most remarkable attractions.

What are the characteristics of the Balinese Gamelan orchestra? ›

Gamelan, the term for a traditional musical ensemble in Indonesia, typically refers to a percussion orchestra composed predominantly of tuned gongs of various types and metal-keyed instruments. The ensemble is conducted by a drummer, and often includes voice, bamboo flute, xylophone, and stringed instruments.

How does Balinese Gamelan sound? ›

Balinese Gamelan has a characteristic "shimmering" sound due to the detuning of paired instruments playing the same musical part. Sampling the unique, magical sound of a Balinese Gamelan is no small undertaking.

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